Assessment of neuroactive effects of chemicals in cell-based assays remains challenging as complex functional tissue is required for biologically relevant readouts. A powerful assay platform can be built from highly functional, rapid maturating, fully defined neural co-cultures with a phenotypic approach. During this session, Dr Shafer and Dr Haag will present studies on the predictive power of such an in vitro system when combined with high sensitivity high throughput microelectrode array (MEA), demonstrating the utility of this direct-differentiated human model for neurotoxicity assessment.